Adding Devices Tutorial
Lithium supports the industry-standard Simple Network Monitoring Protocol (SNMP) as well as proprietary monitoring protocols for Apple's Xserve, Mac OS X and Xserve RAID.
SNMP - Supported by virtually every type of network device with remote monitoring capability. SNMP is the industry standard for network, server and storage monitoring. SNMP Management Information Bases (MIBs) define what monitoring data can be obtained for a particular type of device. Hardware and software vendors typically implement some well-known MIBs as well as defining their own for device-specific monitoring data.
Proprietary - Lithium has class-leading support for the priorietary monitoring protocols needed to monitor Apple's G5 and Intel Xserve and Xserve RAID devices as well as providing in-depth support for monitoring Mac OS X Server and Xsan.
Options for Adding Devices
Add Individual Device
Devices can be added one-by-one by clicking on the '+' button in the bottom-left of the Console window and selecting "New Device at Location" and the desired Location for the device. New Location can also be added through the pop-up menu shown when clicking on the '+' button.
Import from CSV or Apple Remote Desktop
Lithium can import devices from a comma-separated values (CSV) formatted text file or directly from Apple Remote Desktop. In both cases, only the device description, IP address and LOM IP Address is imported. The Device Module, authentication credentials and monitoring protocol is specified through the Add New Device sheet. The settings selected will be applied to each of the devices when added.
Click on the '+' button in the bottom-left of the Console window and select either "From Apple Remote Desktop to Location" or "From CSV File to Location" from the "Import Devices" menu item and then select the desired location for the devices being imported.
When importing from Apple Remote Desktop, the Add New Device sheet shown in Console will show all devices found in the Apple Remote Desktop device list. By default, all devices will be selected. If you only wish to add a subset of devices, simply un-check the device in the list at the top of the Add New Device sheet.
Discover
In the left of the Console window there is a 'DISCOVERY' section with items for 'Bonjour' and 'Network Scan'. Clicking on either will display a list of devices that have been discovered on your network using either Bonjour (Apple's zero-configuration network resource discovery) or by using Network Scanning. These devices are not automatically monitored by Lithium but can be added as monitored devices in Lithium.
Select a device in either the Bonjour or Network Scan view in Console, select the desired Location and click on 'Monitor Selected Device(s)...' in the status bar at the bottom of the Console window. The Add New Device sheet will be shown to set the device type, authentication and monitoring settings for the device to be monitored by Lithium.
You can also drag devices out of the list of discovered hosts and drop them on a Location in the left-hand-side of the Console window to add the discovered device as a monitored device under that Location. The same Add New Device sheet will be shown to allow you to configure the monitoring settings for the device.
Monitoring Mac OS X Server or Client
Lithium is able to monitor hosts running Mac OS X Server or Client using either the industry-standard Simple Network Monitoring Protocol (SNMP) or Apple's proprietary Server Manager Daemon (servermgrd) protocol. There are benefits and drawbacks associated with each, but it is our recommendation to always use SNMP where possible due to the improved reliability and stability, depth of information and reduced CPU and Memory footprint on the monitored host.
Using SNMP
Both Mac OS X Server and Client ship with the well-known Net-SNMP agent installed. In order to monitor a Mac OS X host with SNMP you must first configure the SNMP Agent with, at a minimum, a community string which is akin to a shared key or password used to authenticate requests for monitoring data. You must also enable or start the SNMP agent to ensure it is running and able to respond to requests for monitoring data via SNMP.
SNMP must be used if you wish to use the Process Monitoring feature of Lithium. The process list is only presented via SNMP and is not available through the Server Manager (servermgrd) monitoring data feed. SNMP is also the only option available if you wish to monitor a host running Mac OS X Client that is not part of an Xsan installation.
The Net-SNMP agent software can be configured using the command-line 'snmpconf' utility on the host or by manually editing the /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf configuration file. The minimum configuration required is a read-only community string for Lithium to use when contacting the host to retrieve monitoring data.
Using 'servermgrd'
The Server Manager (servermgrd) monitoring data feed is available by default on hosts running Mac OS X Server only. It is only present on Mac OS X Client hosts that are part of an Xsan deployment and have the Xsan client software installed.
Xsan Monitoring is only available if the 'servermgrd' monitoring protocol is used due to the Xsan data not being presented via SNMP on Mac OS X.
The use of 'servermgrd' as the protocol when monitoring a device with Lithium has some drawbacks and limitations. In our experience, the servermgrd process on the hosts being monitored can be unreliable and periodically stop responding to requests for monitoring data. The 'servermgrd' also has much higher CPU and Memory resource utilisation per query for monitoring data compared to a similar polling performed via SNMP.